• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    transparent panel, method for producing a transparent panel, and use of a transparent panel the invention relates to a transparent disk (1) which can be electrically heated over a large surface area, comprising: a transparent, electrically conductive coating ( 3), of a large surface area that is applied to a transparent substrate (2), at least two current collector busbars (4), which are electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent coating (3), at least one delimited region locally (5) free of the sheath (3), wherein at least one heating conductor (8) having two poles (8.1) (8.2) is applied within the exempt region (5), and wherein the first pole (8.1) It is electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent sheath (3) and the second pole (8.2) is electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent sheath (3) or a current collector strip (4). The invention further relates to a method for producing it and using it.
    公开号:BR112012010286B1
    申请号:R112012010286
    申请日:2010-12-03
    公开日:2019-12-03
    发明作者:Reul Bernhard；Cuong Phan Dang；Schall Günther；Lesage Jean-Luc；Lisinski Susanne
    申请人:Saint Gobain；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    “TRANSPARENT PANEL, METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF A TRANSPARENT PANEL, AND, USE OF A TRANSPARENT PANEL” [0001] The invention is in the field of window panels with communication windows for sensors and camera systems, a method for their production and use the same.
    [0002] Motor vehicles, aircraft, helicopters, and ships are increasingly equipped with various sensors or camera systems. Examples are camera systems, such as video cameras, night vision cameras, residual light amplifiers, laser rangefinders, or passive infrared detectors. Motor vehicle identification systems are also increasingly used, for example, for toll collection.
    [0003] Camera systems can use light in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), and infrared (IR) wavelength range. Thus, objects, motor vehicles, and people can be precisely detected even during bad weather conditions, such as darkness and fog. In motor vehicles, these camera systems can be placed behind the windshield in the passenger compartment. Thus, even in road traffic, they offer the ability to detect dangerous situations and obstacles in a timely manner.
    [0004] However, because of their sensitivity to weather conditions or air flows around the vehicle, such sensors must, in all cases, be protected by panels transparent to radiation. The sensor can be installed inside a motor vehicle. In order to ensure the optimal functioning of the optical sensors, clean and condensation-free panels are absolutely essential. Condensation and freezing clearly interfere with functionality, as they clearly reduce the transmission of electromagnetic radiation. While cleaning systems can be used for water droplets and dirt particles, they are usually unsuitable in the event of freezing. Here, systems that heat up the panel segment associated with the sensor, when necessary at least briefly, and thus allow uninterrupted use, are essential.
    [0005] Increasingly, panels have integral surface coatings that are electrically conductive and transparent to visible light that protect, for example, the interior from overheating due to sunlight or overcooling or that effect selected panel heating when applying an electrical voltage. The panels with electrically conductive transparent coatings are not, however, suitable as transparent protective panels for sensors or camera systems because radiation carrying data is not adequately transmitted through the coating. Consequently, the panels are usually devoid of cladding in locally defined regions and form a communication window for sensors and camera systems.
    [0006] EP 1 605 729 A2 exposes an electrically heated panel with a communication window. This communication window is kept free of condensation and ice by a heating device. The heating element is laminated to the panel in one position of the communication window. In addition, yet another heating element can be applied to the surface of the panel. The additional heating element is preferably printed on the surface of the panel as a conductive paste.
    [0007] However, for this, it is necessary, in order to supply the heating conductor with electrical energy, to establish electrical contact with an energy supply via strips carrying current.
    [0008] An objective of the invention is to provide a panel with an improved heating device for communication windows.
    [0009] Another objective of the invention is to find a new method for producing panels with an improved heating device for communication windows as well as a new use for it.
    [0010] The objectives are achieved through the characteristics exposed in the independent claims 1, 12, and 15. Preferred modalities of the invention are indicated through the characteristics of the dependent claims.
    [0011] A substantial advantage obtained with the invention is that heating conductors for communication windows make electrical contact and are supplied with electrical energy via the electrically conductive transparent coating of the panel. The supply voltage is provided through the potential drop that occurs through the communication windows in the electrically conductive transparent coating. An additional, and usually opaque, electrical connection to the heating conductor of the communication window can be omitted. [0012] The common electrical voltages to supply large surface panel heating are 14 V DC or 42 V DC for conventional motor vehicles, but even as much as 400 V DC for motor vehicles with electrical drive components.
    [0013] The potential drop across the communication window is calculated from the measurement ratio of the vertical communication window to the equipotential lines and the distance between the current collector strip lines, weighted with the supply voltage to the heating of a large surface panel between the current collector strips.
    [0014] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the total resistance of all heating conductors is from 70% to 130%, preferably from 95% to 105% of an equivalent substitute resistance of the locally delimited region free from the coating.
    [0015] The equivalent substitute resistance is a resistance of a region of the panel according to the invention with the electrically conductive transparent coating, where the region has the same dimensions as the locally delimited region without the coating. The equivalent substitute resistance corresponds to a resistance of the coated region that is removed during the formation of the locally bounded region free from the coating. The equivalent substitute resistance is determined in the direction of the current of the remaining heating field. [0016] The panels according to the invention are adapted in size to the specifications of conventional motor vehicle glazing. The panels preferably have a height and width of 10 cm to 200 cm. The panels are preferably designed as laminated glass panels with an adhesion-promoting polymer layer. The panels preferably include silicate glass with a thickness of 0.8 mm to 4 mm.
    [0017] Here, the term "width" means, in the case of a vertically positioned panel, the horizontal dimension; “Height" means the vertical dimension.
    [0018] The communication windows are designed in their width and height according to the requirements of usual sensors and camera systems for motor vehicles. The communication windows according to the invention preferably have a width of 5 cm to 200 cm and a height of 5 cm to 200 cm, in order to provide an adequately large region for the transmission of the beam paths of sensors and systems of cameras. Particularly preferably, the communication windows are arranged in the edge region of motor vehicle glazing outside the field of vision A in accordance with ECE-R 43: 2004.
    [0019] Transparent, electrically conductive coatings of the panels preferably include sequences of layers with indium and tin oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, Ga, Al, Ag, Au, or mixtures thereof. The total thickness of the transparent and electrically conductive coatings is preferably 20 nm to 1 μm. The transparent and conductive coatings have a high transmission of> 70% for visible light. Infrared radiation is partially reflected.
    [0020] The specific laminar resistance of the electrically conductive coating is preferably 0.5 ohms per square to 100 ohms per square.
    [0021] The coatings are preferably applied to the entire surface of the panel. The coated panels can be partially devoid of coating and, preferably, devoid of coating on the edge.
    [0022] In order to obtain a concentration of heat output in the beam path of the sensor and camera systems, it is advantageous according to the invention that the heating conductors are designed as rectilinear, meandering, or wavy lines.
    [0023] The heat output of the heating conductors is calculated using their material-specific electrical resistance, its length, its width, and its height.
    [0024] The surface density of the heat outlet can be adapted according to the invention by the spatial arrangement of the heating conductors in the communication window, preferably by completely or partially parallel paths, closely embedded, or mesh.
    [0025] The distance between the heating conductors is, according to the invention, preferably 5 mm to 15 mm.
    [0026] The heating conductor is, according to the invention, 0.05 mm to 20 mm wide, preferably 0.1 to 5 mm and particularly preferably 0.15 mm to 1 mm.
    [0027] In an embodiment of the invention, the heating conductor is electrically connected over poles via low ohmic contact lines to the electrically conductive transparent coating. The contact lines are preferably wider compared to the heating conductor.
    [0028] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, heating conductors are connected via node points and at least two contact lines to the electrically conductive transparent coating. The current flow is distributed over a plurality of contact lines and the flow density per contact line is low. The total resistance of the heating conductors, which corresponds to the equivalent substitute resistance of the locally delimited region and of the region without coating, then results from the total resistance of the heating conductors and the contact lines.
    [0029] According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous that the contact lines and the knot points are configured in the shape of a comb and that a plurality of comb tips are in contact with the electrically conductive transparent coating. The potential drop and the currents that appear are already homogenized in the region of the communication window without contact with the electrically conductive transparent coating. Heterogeneous thermal loads due to currents heterogeneously distributed over the electrically conductive transparent coating are prevented.
    [0030] The distance between the contact lines on the electrically conductive transparent coating is preferably 1 mm to 30 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 15 mm.
    [0031] A particularly advantageous reduction in the thermal load of the contact lines is obtained if the distance according to the invention between the contact lines on the electrically conductive transparent coating is constant.
    [0032] To increase the area of the contact surfaces, the contact lines are electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent coating over a length of 0.5 mm to 100 mm, preferably 1 mm to 50 mm, particularly preferably from 3 mm to 10 mm.
    [0033] A homogeneous temperature distribution of the contact lines is obtained according to the invention by expanding regions of contact with the electrically conductive coating parallel to the equipotential lines of the electrically conductive transparent coating. The magnification is preferably implemented in a triangular, rectangular, oval, round, or polygonal shape.
    [0034] Local overheating on the transparent and electrically conductive coating is reduced.
    [0035] The heat outlet can be arranged particularly advantageously in the communication window by forming the heating conductor from a conductive screen printing paste and preferably from a screen printing paste containing silver.
    [0036] In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the heating conductor can also be formed with metal wire or metal wire mesh, preferably with silver, gold, copper, aluminum, platinum, or tungsten wire. In another alternative embodiment of the invention, the heating conductor can also be formed with a metal blade.
    [0037] The current collector strips and the contact lines are preferably made according to the invention of conductive screen printing paste and preferably silver-containing screen printing paste.
    [0038] The heating conductor layer thickness is 1 μm to 50 μm, particularly preferably 5 μm to 30 μm.
    [0039] Also discovered was a method according to the invention for producing a transparent panel that is electrically heated over a large area, in which a transparent, electrically conductive coating is applied on a transparent panel. The electrically conductive transparent coating is removed in a locally delimited region, at least two strips of current collector are applied over the electrically conductive transparent coating and electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent coating. At least one heating conductor and contact lines are applied and electrically connected over a first pole to the electrically conductive transparent coating. On a second pole, the heating conductor and the contact lines are connected to the electrically conductive transparent coating or to a current collector strip.
    [0040] The electrically conductive transparent coating is preferably applied by physical and chemical deposition from the gas phase, particularly preferably by sputtering.
    [0041] In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the electrically conductive transparent coating is removed in a locally delimited region by laser ablation or mechanical abrasion.
    [0042] In a preferred method, the strips of current collector, contact lines, and / or the heating conductor are produced in a process of screen printing, inkjet, pulse jet, engraved roller, or offset.
    [0043] The preferred method has, in particular, the advantage that the current collector strips, the contact lines, and the heating conductor are applied and electrically connected in one process step.
    [0044] Also discovered was the use of an electrically heated transparent panel over a large area as a heating element and / or a laminated glass windshield with heated communication windows that reflect thermal radiation. [0045] The figures represent: figure 1 is a plan view of an example modality of a transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, figure 2 is a communication window (5) of the example modality according with figure 1 in an enlarged representation, figure 3 is an alternative communication window (5) of an example modality of the transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, figure 4 is another alternative communication window (5 ) of an example modality of the transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, figure 5 is another alternative communication window (5) of an example modality of the transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, figure 6 is another alternative communication window (5) of the transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, figure 7 is a plan view of an alternative example of a transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, and figure 8 is a detailed example of a method according to the invention in a flow chart.
    [0046] Figure 1 and figure 2 represent a laminated glass windshield (1) 100 cm high and 120 cm wide according to the invention with a heated communication window (5) 10 cm high and 20 cm wide for motor vehicles.
    [0047] For large surface heating and thermal protection, a transparent, electrically conductive coating that reflects infrared radiation (3) was applied over a glass panel (2). The coating (3) had a specific laminar resistance of 0.5 ohms per square and included a layer of transparent silver from 5 nm to 15 nm in thickness. On two edges of the glass panel (2), the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) was electrically connected to current collector strips (4) containing opaque silver, 25 μm thick. The current collector strips were electrically connected to a 14-V voltage supply (not shown). The current flow over the current collector strips was 35 A. The total electrical heat output from the panel (1) was approximately 500 W. The panel (1) was implemented as a laminated glass panel. The electrically conductive transparent coating (3) was applied to the inside of the laminated glass windshield (1). The laminated glass windshield (1) had a transparency of at least 70% for visible light. Infrared radiation was reflected. On the top edge of the laminated glass windshield (1), an IR camera (not shown) was installed on the side facing the interior of the vehicle. In the beam path to the IR camera and in the adjacent area, a communication window (5) transparent to infrared radiation was formed by an opening in the electrically conductive transparent coating (3). Within the communication window (5), in the immediate vicinity of the beam path the IR camera, four opaque linear heating conductors (8 ', 8' ', 8' '', 8 '' '') were applied over the glass panel (2). The line width of the heating conductors (8 ', 8' ', 8' '', 8 '' '') was 0.5 mm. The heating conductors (8) were connected in parallel and formed an electrical network. The heating conductors (8) made of silver screen printing paste added a layer thickness of 25 μm. The cumulative current flow through the heating conductor network (8) was approximately 5.5 A. The potential drop on the heating conductor network (8) was approximately 1.4 V. the cumulative heat output from the conductor network The heating resistance (8) was approximately 7.5 W. The total resistance of the heating conductors (8), that is, the ohmic resistance of the heating conductor network (8) was approximately 0.25 ohms. The total resistance of the heating conductors (8) corresponds to the equivalent substitute resistance of the communication window (5). The heating conductors (8 ', 8' ', 8' '' '' ', 8' '' ') were electrically connected on poles (8.1', 8.1 '', 8.1 '' '' '', 8.1 '' '') via contact lines (7) in a width of 2 mm and a length of 5 mm to the electrically conductive transparent coating (3). The heating conductors (8 ', 8' ', 8' '' '' ', 8' '' ') were in each case electrically connected on two poles (8.2', 8.2 '', 8.2 '' '' '' , 8.2 '' '') directly via other contact lines [sic] (7) to a current collector strip (4). It was possible to prevent accumulations of moisture, water, and ice on the laminated glass windshield (1) in the communication window region (5). The voltage supply of the heating conductors (8 ', 8' ', 8' '' '', 8 '' '') was carried out with the electrically conductive transparent coating (3). The heat output was adjusted by coordinating the specific electrical resistance, layer thickness, length, and width of the heating conductor network (8 ', 8' ', 8' '' '' ', 8' '' ') . It was surprising and unpredictable for the person skilled in the art that a voltage supply for heating conductors (8 ', 8' ', 8' '' '', 8 '' '') of communication windows (5) could be provided in a simple way via the electrically conductive transparent coating (3).
    [0048] Figure 3 represents an alternative modality according to the invention of the communication window according to figure 2. To reduce the thermal loading of the contact lines (7) in the region of the electrically conductive coating (3), the conductors heating elements (8) were electrically connected in each case via a node point (6) and a plurality of contact lines (7) to the electrically conductive transparent coating (3).
    [0049] Figure 4 represents another type of comb according to the invention. The heating conductors (8) were connected in parallel to a current collector strip (6) in the communication window. A current collector strip (6) was applied as a knot point directly on the glass panel (2) and had no direct contact with the electrically conductive transparent coating (3). Contact lines (7) with a distance between them of 5 mm produced the electrical connection with the electrically conductive transparent coating (3). The flow densities in the contact lines (7) were lower than in the heating conductors (8). The thermal loading of the contact lines (7) was minimized in the region of contact with the electrically conductive transparent coating (3).
    [0050] Figure 5 represents another alternative embodiment of the invention. The contact lines (7) covered the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) over a length of 10 mm and were configured in the shape of a triangle. The longest edge of the expansion ran parallel to the equipotential lines of the electrically conductive transparent coating (3). By expanding the contact lines (7), the flow densities have been reduced and, in particular, the regions of contact with the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) have been thermally relieved. To concentrate the heat output in the center of the communication window (5), the heating conductors (8) had a relatively small 0.15 mm line and were configured in a meander shape in the immediate vicinity of the camera's beam path infrared.
    [0051] Figure 6 represents another embodiment of the invention. The heating conductors (8) and the contact lines (7) were formed from a screen printing paste with a pattern of holes. Through this modality, the specific electrical laminar resistance and, consequently, the low density in the heating conductors (7) [sic] could be adjusted more precisely. The heating conductors (8) have been adapted to the format according to the band filter structures of motor vehicle window panels. A homogeneous aesthetic implementation was obtained for the observer.
    [0052] Figure 7 represents a plan view of a laminated glass windshield (2) according to the invention with two communication windows (5). A communication window (5) was set up in the upper region of the motor vehicle, another communication window (5) in a usual waiting position for the windshield wipers. Thus, it was possible, in a simple way, to obtain additionally a defrost surface for frozen windshield wipers on site. The contact lines (7) of the heating conductors (8) were connected on both poles (8.1) (8.2) to the electrically conductive coating (3). It was surprising and unpredictable for the person skilled in the art that an optimized heat output from the heating conductors (8) could be provided in a plurality of communication windows (5) with a single voltage supply via the electrically conductive transparent coating (3 ).
    [0053] In figures 1 to 8, the reference characters have the following meaning: (1) Transparent panel / laminated glass windshield (2) Transparent, electrically insulating substrate, (3) Electrically conductive transparent coating, (4) Current collector strip, (5) Free region without Electrically conductive transparent coating (3) / Communication window (6) Knot point (7) Contact line (8) Heating conductor (8.1) (8.2) Conductor poles heating (8) CLAIMS
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area comprising: - a transparent coating (3), electrically conductive, having a large surface, applied over an electrically insulating transparent substrate (2), - at least two strips of collector of current (4) electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent coating (3), - at least one locally delimited region (5) free from the coating (3), in which at least one heating conductor (8) comprises two poles (8.1) ( 8.2) is applied within the exempt region (5), and the first pole (8.1) is electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) and the second pole (8.2) is electrically connected to the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) or to a current collector strip (4), characterized by the fact that the total resistance of the heating conductor (8) is 70% to 130% of an equivalent substitute resistance of the region are not delimited locally (5) free of the coating (3).
    [2]
    2. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the total resistance of the heating conductor (8) is 95% to 105% of the equivalent substitute resistance of the defined region locally (5) free of coating (3).
    [3]
    3. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the heating conductor (8) has a rectilinear, meandering or wave shape.
    [4]
    4. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating conductor (8) has a line width from 0.05 mm to 20 mm , preferably from 0.1 mm to 5 mm and particularly preferably from 0.15 mm to 1 mm.
    [5]
    5. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the poles (8.1) (8.2) are connected to at least one contact line (7) .
    [6]
    6. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that at least two contact lines (7) are electrically connected in at least one node point ( 6).
    [7]
    7. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the contact lines (7) and the knot points (6) are configured in the shape of a comb and the contact lines (7) are electrically contacted in the form of comb tips with the electrically conductive transparent coating (3).
    [8]
    8. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the distance from the contact lines (7) is from 1 mm to 30 mm, preferably from 5 mm to 15mm and / or the distance between the heating conductors (8) is 5 mm to 15 mm.
    [9]
    9. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the contact lines (7) are electrically connected to the electrically conductive coating (3) over a length from 0.5 mm to 100 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 50 mm, particularly preferably from 3 mm to 10 mm.
    [10]
    10. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the heating conductor (8) includes a conductive screen printing paste and preferably a screen printing containing silver.
    [11]
    11. Transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the heating conductor (8) has a layer thickness from 1 μm to 50 μm and preferably from 5 μm to 30 μm.
    [12]
    12. Method for producing a transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, characterized by the fact that it comprises: applying a transparent electrically conductive coating (3) on a transparent substrate, removing the transparent electrically conductive coating (3) from a locally delimited region (5), apply at least two strips of current collector (4) over the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) and electrically connect the at least two strips of current collector to the electrically conductive transparent coating (3); and apply and electrically connect at least one heating conductor (8) on a first pole (8.1) to the transparent electrically conductive coating (3) and apply and electrically connect at least one heating conductor on a second pole (8.2) to the transparent coating electrically conductive (3) or a current collector strip (4) and the total resistance of the heating conductor (8) is 70% to 130% of an equivalent substitute resistance of the locally delimited region (5) exempt from the coating ( 3).
    [13]
    13. Method for producing a transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that it also comprises removing the electrically conductive transparent coating (3) in the locally delimited region (5) with laser ablation or mechanical abrasion.
    [14]
    14. Method for producing a transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area, according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by the fact that current collector straps (4), contact lines (7) and / or the heating conductor (8) are produced in a process of screen printing, inkjet, pulse jet, engraved roll, or offset printing.
    [15]
    15. Use of a transparent panel (1) electrically heated over a large area as defined in claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that it is like a motor vehicle glazing with a communication window or as a laminated glass windshield with a communication window.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-05-07| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2019-07-16| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion)|
    2019-11-05| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2019-12-03| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 03/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP09178862A|EP2334141A1|2009-12-11|2009-12-11|Coated pane with heatable communication window|
    PCT/EP2010/068810|WO2011069901A1|2009-12-11|2010-12-03|Coated disk having a heatable communication window|
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